I tend to think that transcriptions of jazz improvisations are a bit like looking at ordnance survey maps of the Lake District - you'll find out about the contours and relative positions of things, but it's no substitute for actually being there - a description of something beautiful isn't as good as actually experiencing it.
Listening to music is essential in order to get the 'feel' of it - no one can really define nebulous concepts like 'swing' or 'groove' but you know what it is when you hear it
In a lot of styles of music the defining characteristics are the timbre of the instruments and the subtle inflections and rhythmic phrasing. If you play Mozart on a growly tenor sax with a funky backbeat, it's no longer classical music, likewise a string quartet playing 'Louie Louie' just ain't rock'n'roll.
A number of famous jazz musicians didn't like using written music because it meant that the band members were concentrating more on the dots than listening and picking up on the subtleties of phrasing that written music cannot easily convey. I can't imagine John Lee Hooker or Muddy Waters handing out sheet music, either.
I also think it's rare to find musicians who can play well in many different genres. To play Jazz, Blues, Ska, Reggae, Soul, Funk or Latin music really well, you have to be immersed in it and love it, not just a dilettante who fancies having a go. Blues or Reggae may sound easy - it's only got 3 chords - but to do it well takes a lot of practice.
Of course you've got to start somewhere and listening is the best way.
Sometimes it's better to specialise in one area than try to spread yourself too thinly, which doesn't mean not listening to different genres of music (or experiencing other art forms), but trying to play a lot of genres seems a bit pointless, flitting from one thing to another won't give you a deep understanding of any of them.
If you want to be a doctor, you study medicine. If you want to be a jazz musician, you study jazz. And like the doctor, there's only so much to be learnt from textbooks. To find out what makes it tick, you have to see it being done for real and have a go for yourself, with other more experienced people around to help you. Unlike medicine, mistakes are rarely fatal.